On July 24, 2025, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) unveiled the final rule for the Modernization of Special Airworthiness Certification (MOSAIC), marking a significant shift in the certification and operation of light-sport aircraft (LSA). This comprehensive update aims to enhance safety, embrace technological advancements, and broaden the scope of LSA operations.
The MOSAIC rule broadens the types of aircraft eligible for LSA certification. Previously, LSAs were limited to simple, lightweight designs. Under the new rule, the category now includes:
Larger and more advanced fixed-wing airplanes
Rotorcraft, including helicopters and gyroplanes
Powered-lift aircraft, such as electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicles
This expansion allows for greater innovation and accommodates emerging technologies in the aviation sector.
One of the notable changes is the increase in seating capacity for certain LSAs. Airplanes in the LSA category may now have up to four seats, a significant increase from the previous two-seat limitation. However, rotorcraft and powered-lift aircraft remain limited to two seats.
MOSAIC introduces performance-based certification standards, moving away from prescriptive design requirements. This approach allows manufacturers greater flexibility in design while ensuring safety through measurable performance outcomes. It also facilitates the integration of new technologies, such as electric propulsion systems and advanced avionics.
The rule eliminates the definition of “light-sport aircraft” from § 1.1, enabling the FAA to establish separate limits for aircraft certification and sport pilot operations. This separation allows for more tailored regulations that address the specific needs of aircraft and pilots, enhancing safety and operational flexibility.
MOSAIC expands the operational capabilities of LSAs, permitting their use in:
Flight training
Limited aerial work
Personal travel
These enhancements aim to increase the utility of LSAs while maintaining safety standards.
The MOSAIC rule will be implemented in phases:
October 22, 2025: Certain provisions, including new pilot privileges and operational capabilities, take effect.
July 24, 2026: Remaining provisions, such as updated aircraft certification standards, become effective.
The modernization of special airworthiness certification through key changes in MOSAIC represents a significant evolution in the FAA’s approach to light-sport aviation. By embracing performance-based standards and expanding aircraft eligibility, the rule fosters innovation and accommodates the rapid development of new aviation technologies. Pilots, manufacturers, and operators can look forward to greater flexibility, enhanced capabilities, and a more inclusive regulatory framework that supports the future of aviation.
For more detailed information, refer to the official Federal Register publication.